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<h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="CoreCursorUsage"></a>Cursor Example</h2>
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<div></div>
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<p>
In
<a href="DbCXXUsage.html">Database Usage Example</a>
we wrote an
application that loaded two databases with
vendor and inventory information. In this example, we will write an
application to display all of the items in the inventory database. As a
part of showing any given inventory item, we will look up the vendor who
can provide the item and show the vendor's contact information.
</p>
<p>
Specifically, the <tt class="classname">example_database_read</tt>
application does the following:
</p>
<div class="orderedlist">
<ol type="1">
<li>
<p>
Opens the the inventory and vendor databases
that were created by our <tt class="classname">example_database_load</tt>
application. See
<a href="DbCXXUsage.html#exampledbload-cxx">example_database_load</a>
for information on how that
application creates the databases and writes data to them.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Obtains a cursor from the inventory database.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Steps through the inventory database, displaying
each record as it goes.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Gets the name of the vendor for that inventory item from the
inventory record.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Uses the vendor name to look up the vendor record in the vendor
database.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Displays the vendor record.</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<p>
Remember that you can find the complete implementation of this application
in:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="emphasis"><em>DB_INSTALL</em></span>/examples_cxx/getting_started</pre>
<p>
where <tt class="literal"><span class="emphasis"><em>DB_INSTALL</em></span></tt> is the location where you
placed your DB distribution.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="CoreEIR-cxx"></a>
<p class="title">
<b>Example 4.1 example_database_read</b>
</p>
<p>
To begin, we include the necessary header files and perform our
forward declarations. We also write our <tt class="function">usage()</tt>
function.
</p>
<a id="cxx_cursor10"></a>
<pre class="programlisting">// File: example_database_read.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include "MyDb.hpp"
#include "gettingStartedCommon.hpp"
// Forward declarations
int show_all_records(MyDb &inventoryDB, MyDb &vendorDB);
int show_vendor(MyDb &vendorDB, const char *vendor); </pre>
<p>
Next we write our <tt class="function">main()</tt> function. Note that it is
somewhat unnecessarily complicated here because we will be extending it
in the next chapter to perform inventory item lookups.
</p>
<a id="cxx_cursor11"></a>
<pre class="programlisting">// Displays all inventory items and the associated vendor record.
int
main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
// Initialize the path to the database files
std::string databaseHome("./");
// Database names
std::string vDbName("vendordb.db");
std::string iDbName("inventorydb.db");
// Parse the command line arguments
// Omitted for brevity
try
{
// Open all databases.
MyDb inventoryDB(databaseHome, iDbName);
MyDb vendorDB(databaseHome, vDbName);
show_all_records(inventoryDB, vendorDB);
} catch(DbException &e) {
std::cerr << "Error reading databases. " << std::endl;
std::cerr << e.what() << std::endl;
return(e.get_errno());
} catch(std::exception &e) {
std::cerr << "Error reading databases. " << std::endl;
std::cerr << e.what() << std::endl;
return(-1);
}
return(0);
} // End main </pre>
<p>
Next we need to write the <tt class="function">show_all_records()</tt>
function. This function displays all
of the inventory records found in the inventory database. Once it shows
the inventory record, it retrieves the vendor's name from that record
and uses it to look up and display the appropriate vendor record:
</p>
<a id="cxx_cursor12"></a>
<pre class="programlisting">// Shows all the records in the inventory database.
// For each inventory record shown, the appropriate
// vendor record is also displayed.
int
show_all_records(MyDb &inventoryDB, MyDb &vendorDB)
{
// Get a cursor to the inventory db
Dbc *cursorp;
try {
inventoryDB.getDb().cursor(NULL, &cursorp, 0);
// Iterate over the inventory database, from the first record
// to the last, displaying each in turn
Dbt key, data;
int ret;
while ((ret = cursorp->get(&key, &data, DB_NEXT)) == 0 )
{
InventoryData inventoryItem(data.get_data());
inventoryItem.show();
show_vendor(vendorDB, inventoryItem.getVendor().c_str());
}
} catch(DbException &e) {
inventoryDB.getDb().err(e.get_errno(), "Error in show_all_records");
cursorp->close();
throw e;
} catch(std::exception &e) {
cursorp->close();
throw e;
}
cursorp->close();
return (0);
} </pre>
<p>
Note that the <tt class="classname">InventoryData</tt> class that we use here
is described in
<a href="DbCXXUsage.html#InventoryData">InventoryData Class</a>.
</p>
<p>
Having displayed the inventory record, we now want to display the
vendor record corresponding to this record.
In this case we do not need to use a
cursor to display the vendor record. Using a cursor here complicates our
code slightly for no good gain. Instead, we simply perform a
<tt class="function">get()</tt> directly against the vendor database.
</p>
<a id="cxx_cursor13"></a>
<pre class="programlisting">// Shows a vendor record. Each vendor record is an instance of
// a vendor structure. See loadVendorDB() in
// example_database_load for how this structure was originally
// put into the database.
int
show_vendor(MyDb &vendorDB, const char *vendor)
{
Dbt data;
VENDOR my_vendor;
try {
// Set the search key to the vendor's name
// vendor is explicitly cast to char * to stop a compiler
// complaint.
Dbt key((char *)vendor, strlen(vendor) + 1);
// Make sure we use the memory we set aside for the VENDOR
// structure rather than the memory that DB allocates.
// Some systems may require structures to be aligned in memory
// in a specific way, and DB may not get it right.
data.set_data(&my_vendor);
data.set_ulen(sizeof(VENDOR));
data.set_flags(DB_DBT_USERMEM);
// Get the record
vendorDB.getDb().get(NULL, &key, &data, 0);
std::cout << " " << my_vendor.street << "\n"
<< " " << my_vendor.city << ", "
<< my_vendor.state << "\n"
<< " " << my_vendor.zipcode << "\n"
<< " " << my_vendor.phone_number << "\n"
<< " Contact: " << my_vendor.sales_rep << "\n"
<< " " << my_vendor.sales_rep_phone
<< std::endl;
} catch(DbException &e) {
vendorDB.getDb().err(e.get_errno(), "Error in show_vendor");
throw e;
} catch(std::exception &e) {
throw e;
}
return (0);
} </pre>
</div>
<p>
That completes the implementation of
<tt class="classname">example_database_read()</tt>. In the next chapter, we
will extend this application to make use of a secondary database so that
we can query the inventory database for a specific inventory item.
</p>
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