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<title>Reliable Forwarding of syslog Messages (via plain TCP syslog)</title>
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<h1>Reliable Forwarding of syslog Messages with Rsyslog</h1>
<P><small><i>Written by
<a href="http://www.gerhards.net/rainer">Rainer
Gerhards</a> (2008-06-27)</i></small></P>
<h2>Abstract</h2>
<p><i><b>In this paper, I describe how to forward
<a href="http://www.monitorware.com/en/topics/syslog/">syslog</a>
messages (quite) reliable to a central rsyslog server.</b>
This depends on rsyslog being installed on the client system and
it is recommended to have it installed on the server system. Please note
that industry-standard
<a href="http://blog.gerhards.net/2008/04/on-unreliability-of-plain-tcp-syslog.html">plain TCP syslog protocol is not fully reliable</a>
(thus the "quite reliable"). If you need a truely reliable solution, you need
to look into RELP (natively supported by rsyslog).</i></p>
<h2>The Intention</h2>
<p>Whenever two systems talk over a network, something can go wrong.
For example, the communications link may go down, or a client or server may abort.
Even in regular cases, the server may be offline for a short period of time
because of routine maintenance.
<p>A logging system should be capable of avoiding message loss in situations where the
server is not reachable. To do so, unsent data needs to be buffered at the client while the
server is offline. Then, once the server is up again, this data is to be sent.
<p>This can easily be acomplished by rsyslog. In rsyslog, every action runs on its own queue
and each queue can be set to buffer data if the action is not ready. Of course,
you must be able to detect that "the action is not ready", which means the remote
server is offline. This can be detected with plain TCP syslog and RELP, but not with UDP.
So you need to use either of the two. In this howto, we use plain TCP syslog.
<p>Please note that we are using rsyslog-specific features. The are required on the
client, but not on the server. So the client system must run rsyslog (at least version 3.12.0), while on the
server another syslogd may be running, as long as it supports plain tcp syslog.
<p><b>The rsyslog queueing subsystem tries to buffer to memory. So even if the
remote server goes
offline, no disk file is generated.</b> File on disk are created only if there is
need to, for example if rsyslog runs out of (configured) memory queue space or needs
to shutdown (and thus persist yet unsent messages). Using main memory and going to the
disk when needed is a huge performance benefit. You do not need to care about it,
because, all of it is handled automatically and transparently by rsyslog.</p>
<h2>How To Setup</h2>
<p>First, you need to create a working directory for rsyslog. This is where it
stores its queue files (should need arise). You may use any location on your
local system.
<p>Next, you need to do is instruct rsyslog to use a
disk queue and then configure your action. There is nothing else to do. With the
following simple config file, you forward anything you receive to a remote server
and have buffering applied automatically when it goes down. This must be done on the
client machine.</p>
<textarea rows="9" cols="80">
$ModLoad imuxsock # local message reception
$WorkDirectory /rsyslog/work # default location for work (spool) files
$ActionQueueType LinkedList # use asynchronous processing
$ActionQueueFileName srvrfwd # set file name, also enables disk mode
$ActionResumeRetryCount -1 # infinite retries on insert failure
$ActionQueueSaveOnShutdown on # save in-memory data if rsyslog shuts down
*.* @@server:port
</textarea>
<p>The port given above is optional. It may not be specified, in which case you only
provide the server name. The "$ActionQueueFileName" is used to create queue files, should need
arise. This value must be unique inside rsyslog.conf. No two rules must use the same queue file.
Also, for obvious reasons, it must only contain those characters that can be used inside a
valid file name. Rsyslog possibly adds some characters in front and/or at the end of that name
when it creates files. So that name should not be at the file size name length limit (which
should not be a problem these days).
<p>Please note that actual spool files are only created if the remote server is down
<b>and</b> there is no more space in the in-memory queue. By default, a short failure
of the remote server will never result in the creation of a disk file as a couple of
hundered messages can be held in memory by default. [These parameters can be fine-tuned. However,
then you need to either fully understand how the queue works
(<a href="http://www.rsyslog.com/doc-queues.html">read elaborate doc</a>) or
use <a href="http://www.rsyslog.com/doc-professional_support.html">professional services</a>
to have it done based on
your specs ;) - what that means is that fine-tuning queue parameters is far from
being trivial...]
<p>If you would like to test if your buffering scenario works, you need to
stop, wait a while and restart you central server. Do <b>not</b> watch for files being created,
as this usually does not happen and never happens immediately.
<h3>Forwarding to More than One Server</h3>
<p>If you have more than one server you would like to forward to, that's quickly done.
Rsyslog has no limit on the number or type of actions, so you can define as many targets
as you like. What is important to know, however, is that the full set of directives make
up an action. So you can not simply add (just) a second forwarding rule, but need to
duplicate the rule configuration as well. Be careful that you use different queue
file names for the second action, else you will mess up your system.
<p>A sample for forwarding to two hosts looks like this:
<p>
<textarea rows="20" cols="80">
$ModLoad imuxsock # local message reception
$WorkDirectory /rsyslog/work # default location for work (spool) files
# start forwarding rule 1
$ActionQueueType LinkedList # use asynchronous processing
$ActionQueueFileName srvrfwd1 # set file name, also enables disk mode
$ActionResumeRetryCount -1 # infinite retries on insert failure
$ActionQueueSaveOnShutdown on # save in-memory data if rsyslog shuts down
*.* @@server1:port
# end forwarding rule 1
# start forwarding rule 2
$ActionQueueType LinkedList # use asynchronous processing
$ActionQueueFileName srvrfwd2 # set file name, also enables disk mode
$ActionResumeRetryCount -1 # infinite retries on insert failure
$ActionQueueSaveOnShutdown on # save in-memory data if rsyslog shuts down
*.* @@server2
# end forwarding rule 2
</textarea>
<p>Note the filename used for the first rule it is "srvrfwd1" and for the second it
is "srvrfwd2". I have used a server without port name in the second forwarding rule.
This was just to illustrate how this can be done. You can also specify a port there
(or drop the port from server1).
<p>When there are multiple action queues, they all work independently. Thus, if server1
goes down, server2 still receives data in real-time. The client will <b>not</b> block
and wait for server1 to come back online. Similarily, server1's operation will not
be affected by server2's state.
<h2>Some Final Words on Reliability ...</h2>
<p>Using plain TCP syslog provides a lot of reliability over UDP syslog. However,
plain TCP syslog is <b>not</b> a fully reliable transport. In order to get full reliability,
you need to use the RELP protocol.
<p>Folow the next link to learn more about
<a href="http://blog.gerhards.net/2008/04/on-unreliability-of-plain-tcp-syslog.html">the
problems you may encounter with plain tcp syslog</a>.
<h3>Feedback requested</h3>
<P>I would appreciate feedback on this tutorial. If you have additional ideas,
comments or find bugs (I *do* bugs - no way... ;)), please
<a href="mailto:rgerhards@adiscon.com">let me know</a>.</P>
<h2>Revision History</h2>
<ul>
<li>2008-06-27 *
<a href="http://www.gerhards.net/rainer">Rainer Gerhards</a> * Initial Version created</li>
</ul>
<h2>Copyright</h2>
<p>Copyright (c) 2008
<a href="http://www.gerhards.net/rainer">Rainer Gerhards</a> and
<a href="http://www.adiscon.com/en/">Adiscon</a>.</p>
<p> Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
Texts. A copy of the license can be viewed at
<a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html">
http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html</a>.</p>
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