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<div class="section" id="creating-a-source-distribution">
<span id="source-dist"></span><h1>4. Creating a Source Distribution<a class="headerlink" href="#creating-a-source-distribution" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>As shown in section <a class="reference external" href="introduction.html#distutils-simple-example"><em>A Simple Example</em></a>, you use the <strong>sdist</strong> command
to create a source distribution. In the simplest case,</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>python setup.py sdist</pre>
</div>
<p>(assuming you haven’t specified any <strong>sdist</strong> options in the setup script
or config file), <strong>sdist</strong> creates the archive of the default format for
the current platform. The default format is a gzip’ed tar file
(<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.tar.gz</span></tt>) on Unix, and ZIP file on Windows.</p>
<p>You can specify as many formats as you like using the <em class="xref">--formats</em>
option, for example:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>python setup.py sdist --formats=gztar,zip</pre>
</div>
<p>to create a gzipped tarball and a zip file. The available formats are:</p>
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="24%" />
<col width="56%" />
<col width="20%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr><th class="head">Format</th>
<th class="head">Description</th>
<th class="head">Notes</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">zip</span></tt></td>
<td>zip file (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.zip</span></tt>)</td>
<td>(1),(3)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">gztar</span></tt></td>
<td>gzip’ed tar file
(<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.tar.gz</span></tt>)</td>
<td>(2),(4)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bztar</span></tt></td>
<td>bzip2’ed tar file
(<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.tar.bz2</span></tt>)</td>
<td>(4)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ztar</span></tt></td>
<td>compressed tar file
(<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.tar.Z</span></tt>)</td>
<td>(4)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">tar</span></tt></td>
<td>tar file (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.tar</span></tt>)</td>
<td>(4)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Notes:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li>default on Windows</li>
<li>default on Unix</li>
<li>requires either external <strong>zip</strong> utility or <a title="Read and write ZIP-format archive files." class="reference external" href="../library/zipfile.html#module-zipfile"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">zipfile</span></tt></a> module (part
of the standard Python library since Python 1.6)</li>
<li>requires external utilities: <strong>tar</strong> and possibly one of <strong>gzip</strong>,
<strong>bzip2</strong>, or <strong>compress</strong></li>
</ol>
<div class="section" id="specifying-the-files-to-distribute">
<span id="manifest"></span><h2>4.1. Specifying the files to distribute<a class="headerlink" href="#specifying-the-files-to-distribute" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>If you don’t supply an explicit list of files (or instructions on how to
generate one), the <strong>sdist</strong> command puts a minimal default set into the
source distribution:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>all Python source files implied by the <em class="xref">py_modules</em> and
<em class="xref">packages</em> options</li>
<li>all C source files mentioned in the <em class="xref">ext_modules</em> or
<em class="xref">libraries</em> options</li>
<li>scripts identified by the <em class="xref">scripts</em> option</li>
<li>anything that looks like a test script: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">test/test*.py</span></tt> (currently, the
Distutils don’t do anything with test scripts except include them in source
distributions, but in the future there will be a standard for testing Python
module distributions)</li>
<li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">README.txt</span></tt> (or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">README</span></tt>), <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">setup.py</span></tt> (or whatever you
called your setup script), and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">setup.cfg</span></tt></li>
</ul>
<p>Sometimes this is enough, but usually you will want to specify additional files
to distribute. The typical way to do this is to write a <em>manifest template</em>,
called <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MANIFEST.in</span></tt> by default. The manifest template is just a list of
instructions for how to generate your manifest file, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MANIFEST</span></tt>, which is
the exact list of files to include in your source distribution. The
<strong>sdist</strong> command processes this template and generates a manifest based
on its instructions and what it finds in the filesystem.</p>
<p>If you prefer to roll your own manifest file, the format is simple: one filename
per line, regular files (or symlinks to them) only. If you do supply your own
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MANIFEST</span></tt>, you must specify everything: the default set of files
described above does not apply in this case.</p>
<p>The manifest template has one command per line, where each command specifies a
set of files to include or exclude from the source distribution. For an
example, again we turn to the Distutils’ own manifest template:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>include *.txt
recursive-include examples *.txt *.py
prune examples/sample?/build</pre>
</div>
<p>The meanings should be fairly clear: include all files in the distribution root
matching <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">*.txt</span></tt>, all files anywhere under the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">examples</span></tt> directory
matching <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">*.txt</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">*.py</span></tt>, and exclude all directories matching
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">examples/sample?/build</span></tt>. All of this is done <em>after</em> the standard
include set, so you can exclude files from the standard set with explicit
instructions in the manifest template. (Or, you can use the
<em class="xref">--no-defaults</em> option to disable the standard set entirely.) There are
several other commands available in the manifest template mini-language; see
section <a class="reference external" href="commandref.html#sdist-cmd"><em>Creating a source distribution: the sdist command</em></a>.</p>
<p>The order of commands in the manifest template matters: initially, we have the
list of default files as described above, and each command in the template adds
to or removes from that list of files. Once we have fully processed the
manifest template, we remove files that should not be included in the source
distribution:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>all files in the Distutils “build” tree (default <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">build/</span></tt>)</li>
<li>all files in directories named <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">RCS</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CVS</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.svn</span></tt>,
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.hg</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.git</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.bzr</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">_darcs</span></tt></li>
</ul>
<p>Now we have our complete list of files, which is written to the manifest for
future reference, and then used to build the source distribution archive(s).</p>
<p>You can disable the default set of included files with the
<em class="xref">--no-defaults</em> option, and you can disable the standard exclude set
with <em class="xref">--no-prune</em>.</p>
<p>Following the Distutils’ own manifest template, let’s trace how the
<strong>sdist</strong> command builds the list of files to include in the Distutils
source distribution:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li>include all Python source files in the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">distutils</span></tt> and
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">distutils/command</span></tt> subdirectories (because packages corresponding to
those two directories were mentioned in the <em class="xref">packages</em> option in the
setup script—see section <a class="reference external" href="setupscript.html#setup-script"><em>Writing the Setup Script</em></a>)</li>
<li>include <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">README.txt</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">setup.py</span></tt>, and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">setup.cfg</span></tt> (standard
files)</li>
<li>include <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">test/test*.py</span></tt> (standard files)</li>
<li>include <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">*.txt</span></tt> in the distribution root (this will find
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">README.txt</span></tt> a second time, but such redundancies are weeded out later)</li>
<li>include anything matching <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">*.txt</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">*.py</span></tt> in the sub-tree
under <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">examples</span></tt>,</li>
<li>exclude all files in the sub-trees starting at directories matching
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">examples/sample?/build</span></tt>—this may exclude files included by the
previous two steps, so it’s important that the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">prune</span></tt> command in the manifest
template comes after the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">recursive-include</span></tt> command</li>
<li>exclude the entire <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">build</span></tt> tree, and any <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">RCS</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CVS</span></tt>,
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.svn</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.hg</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.git</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.bzr</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">_darcs</span></tt>
directories</li>
</ol>
<p>Just like in the setup script, file and directory names in the manifest template
should always be slash-separated; the Distutils will take care of converting
them to the standard representation on your platform. That way, the manifest
template is portable across operating systems.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="manifest-related-options">
<span id="manifest-options"></span><h2>4.2. Manifest-related options<a class="headerlink" href="#manifest-related-options" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>The normal course of operations for the <strong>sdist</strong> command is as follows:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>if the manifest file, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MANIFEST</span></tt> doesn’t exist, read <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MANIFEST.in</span></tt>
and create the manifest</li>
<li>if neither <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MANIFEST</span></tt> nor <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MANIFEST.in</span></tt> exist, create a manifest
with just the default file set</li>
<li>if either <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MANIFEST.in</span></tt> or the setup script (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">setup.py</span></tt>) are more
recent than <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MANIFEST</span></tt>, recreate <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MANIFEST</span></tt> by reading
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MANIFEST.in</span></tt></li>
<li>use the list of files now in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MANIFEST</span></tt> (either just generated or read
in) to create the source distribution archive(s)</li>
</ul>
<p>There are a couple of options that modify this behaviour. First, use the
<em class="xref">--no-defaults</em> and <em class="xref">--no-prune</em> to disable the standard
“include” and “exclude” sets.</p>
<p>Second, you might just want to (re)generate the manifest, but not create a source
distribution:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>python setup.py sdist --manifest-only</pre>
</div>
<p><em class="xref">-o</em> is a shortcut for <em class="xref">--manifest-only</em>.</p>
</div>
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<li><a class="reference external" href="#">4. Creating a Source Distribution</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference external" href="#specifying-the-files-to-distribute">4.1. Specifying the files to distribute</a></li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="#manifest-related-options">4.2. Manifest-related options</a></li>
</ul>
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