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<div class="section" id="module-nntplib">
<h1>20.11. <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">nntplib</span></tt> — NNTP protocol client<a class="headerlink" href="#module-nntplib" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p id="index-439">This module defines the class <a title="nntplib.NNTP" class="reference internal" href="#nntplib.NNTP"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">NNTP</span></tt></a> which implements the client side of
the NNTP protocol. It can be used to implement a news reader or poster, or
automated news processors. For more information on NNTP (Network News Transfer
Protocol), see Internet <span class="target" id="index-440"></span><a class="reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc977.html"><strong>RFC 977</strong></a>.</p>
<p>Here are two small examples of how it can be used. To list some statistics
about a newsgroup and print the subjects of the last 10 articles:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">NNTP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'news.cwi.nl'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">resp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">count</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">first</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">last</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">group</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'comp.lang.python'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">print</span> <span class="s">'Group'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'has'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">count</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'articles, range'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">first</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'to'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">last</span>
<span class="go">Group comp.lang.python has 59 articles, range 3742 to 3803</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">resp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">subs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xhdr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'subject'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">first</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s">'-'</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">last</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="nb">id</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sub</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">subs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:]:</span> <span class="k">print</span> <span class="nb">id</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sub</span>
<span class="gp">...</span>
<span class="go">3792 Re: Removing elements from a list while iterating...</span>
<span class="go">3793 Re: Who likes Info files?</span>
<span class="go">3794 Emacs and doc strings</span>
<span class="go">3795 a few questions about the Mac implementation</span>
<span class="go">3796 Re: executable python scripts</span>
<span class="go">3797 Re: executable python scripts</span>
<span class="go">3798 Re: a few questions about the Mac implementation</span>
<span class="go">3799 Re: PROPOSAL: A Generic Python Object Interface for Python C Modules</span>
<span class="go">3802 Re: executable python scripts</span>
<span class="go">3803 Re: \POSIX{} wait and SIGCHLD</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">quit</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="go">'205 news.cwi.nl closing connection. Goodbye.'</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>To post an article from a file (this assumes that the article has valid
headers):</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">NNTP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'news.cwi.nl'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">f</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'/tmp/article'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">post</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">'240 Article posted successfully.'</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">quit</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="go">'205 news.cwi.nl closing connection. Goodbye.'</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The module itself defines the following items:</p>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="nntplib.NNTP">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descclassname">nntplib.</tt><tt class="descname">NNTP</tt><big>(</big><em>host</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>port</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>user</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>password</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>readermode</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>usenetrc</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return a new instance of the <a title="nntplib.NNTP" class="reference internal" href="#nntplib.NNTP"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">NNTP</span></tt></a> class, representing a connection
to the NNTP server running on host <em>host</em>, listening at port <em>port</em>. The
default <em>port</em> is 119. If the optional <em>user</em> and <em>password</em> are provided,
or if suitable credentials are present in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/.netrc</span></tt> and the optional
flag <em>usenetrc</em> is true (the default), the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">AUTHINFO</span> <span class="pre">USER</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">AUTHINFO</span>
<span class="pre">PASS</span></tt> commands are used to identify and authenticate the user to the server.
If the optional flag <em>readermode</em> is true, then a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mode</span> <span class="pre">reader</span></tt> command is
sent before authentication is performed. Reader mode is sometimes necessary
if you are connecting to an NNTP server on the local machine and intend to
call reader-specific commands, such as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">group</span></tt>. If you get unexpected
<a title="nntplib.NNTPPermanentError" class="reference internal" href="#nntplib.NNTPPermanentError"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">NNTPPermanentError</span></tt></a>s, you might need to set <em>readermode</em>.
<em>readermode</em> defaults to <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt>. <em>usenetrc</em> defaults to <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></tt>.</p>
<p class="versionchanged">
<span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 2.4: </span><em>usenetrc</em> argument added.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="exception">
<dt id="nntplib.NNTPError">
<em class="property">exception </em><tt class="descclassname">nntplib.</tt><tt class="descname">NNTPError</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTPError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Derived from the standard exception <a title="exceptions.Exception" class="reference external" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.Exception"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">Exception</span></tt></a>, this is the base class for
all exceptions raised by the <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">nntplib</span></tt> module.</dd></dl>
<dl class="exception">
<dt id="nntplib.NNTPReplyError">
<em class="property">exception </em><tt class="descclassname">nntplib.</tt><tt class="descname">NNTPReplyError</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTPReplyError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Exception raised when an unexpected reply is received from the server. For
backwards compatibility, the exception <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">error_reply</span></tt> is equivalent to this
class.</dd></dl>
<dl class="exception">
<dt id="nntplib.NNTPTemporaryError">
<em class="property">exception </em><tt class="descclassname">nntplib.</tt><tt class="descname">NNTPTemporaryError</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTPTemporaryError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Exception raised when an error code in the range 400–499 is received. For
backwards compatibility, the exception <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">error_temp</span></tt> is equivalent to this
class.</dd></dl>
<dl class="exception">
<dt id="nntplib.NNTPPermanentError">
<em class="property">exception </em><tt class="descclassname">nntplib.</tt><tt class="descname">NNTPPermanentError</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTPPermanentError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Exception raised when an error code in the range 500–599 is received. For
backwards compatibility, the exception <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">error_perm</span></tt> is equivalent to this
class.</dd></dl>
<dl class="exception">
<dt id="nntplib.NNTPProtocolError">
<em class="property">exception </em><tt class="descclassname">nntplib.</tt><tt class="descname">NNTPProtocolError</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTPProtocolError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Exception raised when a reply is received from the server that does not begin
with a digit in the range 1–5. For backwards compatibility, the exception
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">error_proto</span></tt> is equivalent to this class.</dd></dl>
<dl class="exception">
<dt id="nntplib.NNTPDataError">
<em class="property">exception </em><tt class="descclassname">nntplib.</tt><tt class="descname">NNTPDataError</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTPDataError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Exception raised when there is some error in the response data. For backwards
compatibility, the exception <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">error_data</span></tt> is equivalent to this class.</dd></dl>
<div class="section" id="nntp-objects">
<span id="id1"></span><h2>20.11.1. NNTP Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#nntp-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>NNTP instances have the following methods. The <em>response</em> that is returned as
the first item in the return tuple of almost all methods is the server’s
response: a string beginning with a three-digit code. If the server’s response
indicates an error, the method raises one of the above exceptions.</p>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="nntplib.NNTP.getwelcome">
<tt class="descclassname">NNTP.</tt><tt class="descname">getwelcome</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.getwelcome" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return the welcome message sent by the server in reply to the initial
connection. (This message sometimes contains disclaimers or help information
that may be relevant to the user.)</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="nntplib.NNTP.set_debuglevel">
<tt class="descclassname">NNTP.</tt><tt class="descname">set_debuglevel</tt><big>(</big><em>level</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.set_debuglevel" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Set the instance’s debugging level. This controls the amount of debugging
output printed. The default, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt>, produces no debugging output. A value of
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">1</span></tt> produces a moderate amount of debugging output, generally a single line
per request or response. A value of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">2</span></tt> or higher produces the maximum amount
of debugging output, logging each line sent and received on the connection
(including message text).</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="nntplib.NNTP.newgroups">
<tt class="descclassname">NNTP.</tt><tt class="descname">newgroups</tt><big>(</big><em>date</em>, <em>time</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>file</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.newgroups" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Send a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">NEWGROUPS</span></tt> command. The <em>date</em> argument should be a string of the
form <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'yymmdd'</span></tt> indicating the date, and <em>time</em> should be a string of the form
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'hhmmss'</span></tt> indicating the time. Return a pair <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(response,</span> <span class="pre">groups)</span></tt> where
<em>groups</em> is a list of group names that are new since the given date and time. If
the <em>file</em> parameter is supplied, then the output of the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">NEWGROUPS</span></tt> command
is stored in a file. If <em>file</em> is a string, then the method will open a file
object with that name, write to it then close it. If <em>file</em> is a file object,
then it will start calling <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">write()</span></tt> on it to store the lines of the command
output. If <em>file</em> is supplied, then the returned <em>list</em> is an empty list.</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="nntplib.NNTP.newnews">
<tt class="descclassname">NNTP.</tt><tt class="descname">newnews</tt><big>(</big><em>group</em>, <em>date</em>, <em>time</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>file</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.newnews" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Send a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">NEWNEWS</span></tt> command. Here, <em>group</em> is a group name or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'*'</span></tt>, and
<em>date</em> and <em>time</em> have the same meaning as for <a title="nntplib.NNTP.newgroups" class="reference internal" href="#nntplib.NNTP.newgroups"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">newgroups()</span></tt></a>. Return a pair
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(response,</span> <span class="pre">articles)</span></tt> where <em>articles</em> is a list of message ids. If the
<em>file</em> parameter is supplied, then the output of the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">NEWNEWS</span></tt> command is
stored in a file. If <em>file</em> is a string, then the method will open a file
object with that name, write to it then close it. If <em>file</em> is a file object,
then it will start calling <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">write()</span></tt> on it to store the lines of the command
output. If <em>file</em> is supplied, then the returned <em>list</em> is an empty list.</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="nntplib.NNTP.list">
<tt class="descclassname">NNTP.</tt><tt class="descname">list</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>file</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.list" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Send a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">LIST</span></tt> command. Return a pair <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(response,</span> <span class="pre">list)</span></tt> where <em>list</em> is a
list of tuples. Each tuple has the form <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(group,</span> <span class="pre">last,</span> <span class="pre">first,</span> <span class="pre">flag)</span></tt>, where
<em>group</em> is a group name, <em>last</em> and <em>first</em> are the last and first article
numbers (as strings), and <em>flag</em> is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'y'</span></tt> if posting is allowed, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'n'</span></tt> if
not, and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'m'</span></tt> if the newsgroup is moderated. (Note the ordering: <em>last</em>,
<em>first</em>.) If the <em>file</em> parameter is supplied, then the output of the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">LIST</span></tt>
command is stored in a file. If <em>file</em> is a string, then the method will open
a file object with that name, write to it then close it. If <em>file</em> is a file
object, then it will start calling <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">write()</span></tt> on it to store the lines of the
command output. If <em>file</em> is supplied, then the returned <em>list</em> is an empty
list.</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="nntplib.NNTP.descriptions">
<tt class="descclassname">NNTP.</tt><tt class="descname">descriptions</tt><big>(</big><em>grouppattern</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.descriptions" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Send a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">LIST</span> <span class="pre">NEWSGROUPS</span></tt> command, where <em>grouppattern</em> is a wildmat string as
specified in RFC2980 (it’s essentially the same as DOS or UNIX shell wildcard
strings). Return a pair <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(response,</span> <span class="pre">list)</span></tt>, where <em>list</em> is a list of tuples
containing <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(name,</span> <span class="pre">title)</span></tt>.</p>
<p class="versionadded">
<span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.4.</span></p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="nntplib.NNTP.description">
<tt class="descclassname">NNTP.</tt><tt class="descname">description</tt><big>(</big><em>group</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.description" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Get a description for a single group <em>group</em>. If more than one group matches
(if ‘group’ is a real wildmat string), return the first match. If no group
matches, return an empty string.</p>
<p>This elides the response code from the server. If the response code is needed,
use <a title="nntplib.NNTP.descriptions" class="reference internal" href="#nntplib.NNTP.descriptions"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">descriptions()</span></tt></a>.</p>
<p class="versionadded">
<span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.4.</span></p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="nntplib.NNTP.group">
<tt class="descclassname">NNTP.</tt><tt class="descname">group</tt><big>(</big><em>name</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.group" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Send a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">GROUP</span></tt> command, where <em>name</em> is the group name. Return a tuple
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(response,</span> <span class="pre">count,</span> <span class="pre">first,</span> <span class="pre">last,</span> <span class="pre">name)</span></tt> where <em>count</em> is the (estimated) number
of articles in the group, <em>first</em> is the first article number in the group,
<em>last</em> is the last article number in the group, and <em>name</em> is the group name.
The numbers are returned as strings.</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="nntplib.NNTP.help">
<tt class="descclassname">NNTP.</tt><tt class="descname">help</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>file</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.help" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Send a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HELP</span></tt> command. Return a pair <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(response,</span> <span class="pre">list)</span></tt> where <em>list</em> is a
list of help strings. If the <em>file</em> parameter is supplied, then the output of
the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HELP</span></tt> command is stored in a file. If <em>file</em> is a string, then the
method will open a file object with that name, write to it then close it. If
<em>file</em> is a file object, then it will start calling <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">write()</span></tt> on it to store
the lines of the command output. If <em>file</em> is supplied, then the returned <em>list</em>
is an empty list.</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="nntplib.NNTP.stat">
<tt class="descclassname">NNTP.</tt><tt class="descname">stat</tt><big>(</big><em>id</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.stat" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Send a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">STAT</span></tt> command, where <em>id</em> is the message id (enclosed in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'<'</span></tt> and
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'>'</span></tt>) or an article number (as a string). Return a triple <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(response,</span>
<span class="pre">number,</span> <span class="pre">id)</span></tt> where <em>number</em> is the article number (as a string) and <em>id</em> is the
message id (enclosed in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'<'</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'>'</span></tt>).</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="nntplib.NNTP.next">
<tt class="descclassname">NNTP.</tt><tt class="descname">next</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.next" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Send a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">NEXT</span></tt> command. Return as for <a title="nntplib.NNTP.stat" class="reference internal" href="#nntplib.NNTP.stat"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">stat()</span></tt></a>.</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="nntplib.NNTP.last">
<tt class="descclassname">NNTP.</tt><tt class="descname">last</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.last" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Send a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">LAST</span></tt> command. Return as for <a title="nntplib.NNTP.stat" class="reference internal" href="#nntplib.NNTP.stat"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">stat()</span></tt></a>.</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="nntplib.NNTP.head">
<tt class="descclassname">NNTP.</tt><tt class="descname">head</tt><big>(</big><em>id</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.head" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Send a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HEAD</span></tt> command, where <em>id</em> has the same meaning as for <a title="nntplib.NNTP.stat" class="reference internal" href="#nntplib.NNTP.stat"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">stat()</span></tt></a>.
Return a tuple <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(response,</span> <span class="pre">number,</span> <span class="pre">id,</span> <span class="pre">list)</span></tt> where the first three are the
same as for <a title="nntplib.NNTP.stat" class="reference internal" href="#nntplib.NNTP.stat"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">stat()</span></tt></a>, and <em>list</em> is a list of the article’s headers (an
uninterpreted list of lines, without trailing newlines).</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="nntplib.NNTP.body">
<tt class="descclassname">NNTP.</tt><tt class="descname">body</tt><big>(</big><em>id</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>file</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.body" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Send a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">BODY</span></tt> command, where <em>id</em> has the same meaning as for <a title="nntplib.NNTP.stat" class="reference internal" href="#nntplib.NNTP.stat"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">stat()</span></tt></a>.
If the <em>file</em> parameter is supplied, then the body is stored in a file. If
<em>file</em> is a string, then the method will open a file object with that name,
write to it then close it. If <em>file</em> is a file object, then it will start
calling <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">write()</span></tt> on it to store the lines of the body. Return as for
<a title="nntplib.NNTP.head" class="reference internal" href="#nntplib.NNTP.head"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">head()</span></tt></a>. If <em>file</em> is supplied, then the returned <em>list</em> is an empty list.</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="nntplib.NNTP.article">
<tt class="descclassname">NNTP.</tt><tt class="descname">article</tt><big>(</big><em>id</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.article" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Send an <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ARTICLE</span></tt> command, where <em>id</em> has the same meaning as for
<a title="nntplib.NNTP.stat" class="reference internal" href="#nntplib.NNTP.stat"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">stat()</span></tt></a>. Return as for <a title="nntplib.NNTP.head" class="reference internal" href="#nntplib.NNTP.head"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">head()</span></tt></a>.</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="nntplib.NNTP.slave">
<tt class="descclassname">NNTP.</tt><tt class="descname">slave</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.slave" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Send a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SLAVE</span></tt> command. Return the server’s <em>response</em>.</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="nntplib.NNTP.xhdr">
<tt class="descclassname">NNTP.</tt><tt class="descname">xhdr</tt><big>(</big><em>header</em>, <em>string</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>file</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.xhdr" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Send an <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">XHDR</span></tt> command. This command is not defined in the RFC but is a
common extension. The <em>header</em> argument is a header keyword, e.g.
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'subject'</span></tt>. The <em>string</em> argument should have the form <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'first-last'</span></tt>
where <em>first</em> and <em>last</em> are the first and last article numbers to search.
Return a pair <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(response,</span> <span class="pre">list)</span></tt>, where <em>list</em> is a list of pairs <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(id,</span>
<span class="pre">text)</span></tt>, where <em>id</em> is an article number (as a string) and <em>text</em> is the text of
the requested header for that article. If the <em>file</em> parameter is supplied, then
the output of the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">XHDR</span></tt> command is stored in a file. If <em>file</em> is a string,
then the method will open a file object with that name, write to it then close
it. If <em>file</em> is a file object, then it will start calling <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">write()</span></tt> on it
to store the lines of the command output. If <em>file</em> is supplied, then the
returned <em>list</em> is an empty list.</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="nntplib.NNTP.post">
<tt class="descclassname">NNTP.</tt><tt class="descname">post</tt><big>(</big><em>file</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.post" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Post an article using the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">POST</span></tt> command. The <em>file</em> argument is an open file
object which is read until EOF using its <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">readline()</span></tt> method. It should be
a well-formed news article, including the required headers. The <a title="nntplib.NNTP.post" class="reference internal" href="#nntplib.NNTP.post"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">post()</span></tt></a>
method automatically escapes lines beginning with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.</span></tt>.</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="nntplib.NNTP.ihave">
<tt class="descclassname">NNTP.</tt><tt class="descname">ihave</tt><big>(</big><em>id</em>, <em>file</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.ihave" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Send an <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">IHAVE</span></tt> command. <em>id</em> is a message id (enclosed in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'<'</span></tt> and
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'>'</span></tt>). If the response is not an error, treat <em>file</em> exactly as for the
<a title="nntplib.NNTP.post" class="reference internal" href="#nntplib.NNTP.post"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">post()</span></tt></a> method.</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="nntplib.NNTP.date">
<tt class="descclassname">NNTP.</tt><tt class="descname">date</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.date" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return a triple <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(response,</span> <span class="pre">date,</span> <span class="pre">time)</span></tt>, containing the current date and time
in a form suitable for the <a title="nntplib.NNTP.newnews" class="reference internal" href="#nntplib.NNTP.newnews"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">newnews()</span></tt></a> and <a title="nntplib.NNTP.newgroups" class="reference internal" href="#nntplib.NNTP.newgroups"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">newgroups()</span></tt></a> methods. This
is an optional NNTP extension, and may not be supported by all servers.</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="nntplib.NNTP.xgtitle">
<tt class="descclassname">NNTP.</tt><tt class="descname">xgtitle</tt><big>(</big><em>name</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>file</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.xgtitle" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Process an <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">XGTITLE</span></tt> command, returning a pair <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(response,</span> <span class="pre">list)</span></tt>, where
<em>list</em> is a list of tuples containing <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(name,</span> <span class="pre">title)</span></tt>. If the <em>file</em> parameter
is supplied, then the output of the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">XGTITLE</span></tt> command is stored in a file.
If <em>file</em> is a string, then the method will open a file object with that name,
write to it then close it. If <em>file</em> is a file object, then it will start
calling <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">write()</span></tt> on it to store the lines of the command output. If <em>file</em>
is supplied, then the returned <em>list</em> is an empty list. This is an optional NNTP
extension, and may not be supported by all servers.</p>
<p>RFC2980 says “It is suggested that this extension be deprecated”. Use
<a title="nntplib.NNTP.descriptions" class="reference internal" href="#nntplib.NNTP.descriptions"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">descriptions()</span></tt></a> or <a title="nntplib.NNTP.description" class="reference internal" href="#nntplib.NNTP.description"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">description()</span></tt></a> instead.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="nntplib.NNTP.xover">
<tt class="descclassname">NNTP.</tt><tt class="descname">xover</tt><big>(</big><em>start</em>, <em>end</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>file</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.xover" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return a pair <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(resp,</span> <span class="pre">list)</span></tt>. <em>list</em> is a list of tuples, one for each
article in the range delimited by the <em>start</em> and <em>end</em> article numbers. Each
tuple is of the form <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(article</span> <span class="pre">number,</span> <span class="pre">subject,</span> <span class="pre">poster,</span> <span class="pre">date,</span> <span class="pre">id,</span> <span class="pre">references,</span>
<span class="pre">size,</span> <span class="pre">lines)</span></tt>. If the <em>file</em> parameter is supplied, then the output of the
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">XOVER</span></tt> command is stored in a file. If <em>file</em> is a string, then the method
will open a file object with that name, write to it then close it. If <em>file</em>
is a file object, then it will start calling <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">write()</span></tt> on it to store the
lines of the command output. If <em>file</em> is supplied, then the returned <em>list</em> is
an empty list. This is an optional NNTP extension, and may not be supported by
all servers.</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="nntplib.NNTP.xpath">
<tt class="descclassname">NNTP.</tt><tt class="descname">xpath</tt><big>(</big><em>id</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.xpath" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return a pair <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(resp,</span> <span class="pre">path)</span></tt>, where <em>path</em> is the directory path to the
article with message ID <em>id</em>. This is an optional NNTP extension, and may not
be supported by all servers.</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="nntplib.NNTP.quit">
<tt class="descclassname">NNTP.</tt><tt class="descname">quit</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.quit" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Send a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">QUIT</span></tt> command and close the connection. Once this method has been
called, no other methods of the NNTP object should be called.</dd></dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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<li><a class="reference external" href="#">20.11. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">nntplib</span></tt> — NNTP protocol client</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference external" href="#nntp-objects">20.11.1. NNTP Objects</a></li>
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