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<div class="section" id="module-sha">
<h1>14.4. <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">sha</span></tt> — SHA-1 message digest algorithm<a class="headerlink" href="#module-sha" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p class="deprecated">
<span class="versionmodified">Deprecated since version 2.5: </span>Use the <a title="Secure hash and message digest algorithms." class="reference external" href="hashlib.html#module-hashlib"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">hashlib</span></tt></a> module instead.</p>
<p id="index-545">This module implements the interface to NIST’s secure hash algorithm, known as
SHA-1. SHA-1 is an improved version of the original SHA hash algorithm. It is
used in the same way as the <a title="RSA's MD5 message digest algorithm. (deprecated)" class="reference external" href="md5.html#module-md5"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">md5</span></tt></a> module: use <a title="sha.new" class="reference internal" href="#sha.new"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">new()</span></tt></a> to create an sha
object, then feed this object with arbitrary strings using the <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">update()</span></tt>
method, and at any point you can ask it for the <em>digest</em> of the
concatenation of the strings fed to it so far. SHA-1 digests are 160 bits
instead of MD5’s 128 bits.</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="sha.new">
<tt class="descclassname">sha.</tt><tt class="descname">new</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>string</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#sha.new" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return a new sha object. If <em>string</em> is present, the method call
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">update(string)</span></tt> is made.</dd></dl>
<p>The following values are provided as constants in the module and as attributes
of the sha objects returned by <a title="sha.new" class="reference internal" href="#sha.new"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">new()</span></tt></a>:</p>
<dl class="data">
<dt id="sha.blocksize">
<tt class="descclassname">sha.</tt><tt class="descname">blocksize</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#sha.blocksize" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Size of the blocks fed into the hash function; this is always <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">1</span></tt>. This size
is used to allow an arbitrary string to be hashed.</dd></dl>
<dl class="data">
<dt id="sha.digest_size">
<tt class="descclassname">sha.</tt><tt class="descname">digest_size</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#sha.digest_size" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>The size of the resulting digest in bytes. This is always <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">20</span></tt>.</dd></dl>
<p>An sha object has the same methods as md5 objects:</p>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="sha.sha.update">
<tt class="descclassname">sha.</tt><tt class="descname">update</tt><big>(</big><em>arg</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#sha.sha.update" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Update the sha object with the string <em>arg</em>. Repeated calls are equivalent to a
single call with the concatenation of all the arguments: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">m.update(a);</span>
<span class="pre">m.update(b)</span></tt> is equivalent to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">m.update(a+b)</span></tt>.</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="sha.sha.digest">
<tt class="descclassname">sha.</tt><tt class="descname">digest</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#sha.sha.digest" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return the digest of the strings passed to the <a title="sha.sha.update" class="reference internal" href="#sha.sha.update"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">update()</span></tt></a> method so far.
This is a 20-byte string which may contain non-ASCII characters, including null
bytes.</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="sha.sha.hexdigest">
<tt class="descclassname">sha.</tt><tt class="descname">hexdigest</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#sha.sha.hexdigest" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Like <a title="sha.sha.digest" class="reference internal" href="#sha.sha.digest"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">digest()</span></tt></a> except the digest is returned as a string of length 40,
containing only hexadecimal digits. This may be used to exchange the value
safely in email or other non-binary environments.</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="sha.sha.copy">
<tt class="descclassname">sha.</tt><tt class="descname">copy</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#sha.sha.copy" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return a copy (“clone”) of the sha object. This can be used to efficiently
compute the digests of strings that share a common initial substring.</dd></dl>
<div class="admonition-see-also admonition seealso">
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
<dl class="last docutils">
<dt><a class="reference external" href="http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips180-2/fips180-2withchangenotice.pdf">Secure Hash Standard</a></dt>
<dd>The Secure Hash Algorithm is defined by NIST document FIPS PUB 180-2: <a class="reference external" href="http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips180-2/fips180-2withchangenotice.pdf">Secure
Hash Standard</a>,
published in August 2002.</dd>
<dt><a class="reference external" href="http://csrc.nist.gov/CryptoToolkit/tkhash.html">Cryptographic Toolkit (Secure Hashing)</a></dt>
<dd>Links from NIST to various information on secure hashing.</dd>
</dl>
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