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---
-- Utility functions for manipulating and comparing IP addresses.
--
-- @copyright Same as Nmap--See http://nmap.org/book/man-legal.html
local type = type
local table = table
local string = string
local ipairs = ipairs
local tonumber = tonumber
local stdnse = require "stdnse"
local bit = require "bit"
module ( "ipOps" )
---
-- Checks to see if the supplied IP address is part of a non-routable
-- address space.
--
-- The non-Internet-routable address spaces known to this function are
-- * IPv4 Loopback (RFC3330)
-- * IPv4 Private Use (RFC1918)
-- * IPv4 Link Local (RFC3330)
-- * IPv4 IETF Protocol Assignments (RFC 5736)
-- * IPv4 TEST-NET-1, TEST-NET-2, TEST-NET-3 (RFC 5737)
-- * IPv4 Network Interconnect Device Benchmark Testing (RFC 2544)
-- * IPv4 Reserved for Future Use (RFC 1112, Section 4)
-- * IPv4 Multicast Local Network Control Block (RFC 3171, Section 3)
-- * IPv6 Unspecified and Loopback (RFC3513)
-- * IPv6 Unique Local Unicast (RFC4193)
-- * IPv6 Link Local Unicast (RFC4291)
-- @param ip String representing an IPv4 or IPv6 address. Shortened notation
-- is permitted.
-- @usage
-- local is_private = ipOps.isPrivate( "192.168.1.1" )
-- @return True or false (or <code>nil</code> in case of an error).
-- @return String error message in case of an error or
-- String non-routable address containing the supplied IP address.
isPrivate = function( ip )
local err
ip, err = expand_ip( ip )
if err then return nil, err end
if ip:match( ":" ) then
local is_private
local ipv6_private = { "::/127", "FC00::/7", "FE80::/10" }
for _, range in ipairs( ipv6_private ) do
is_private, err = ip_in_range( ip, range )
if is_private == true then
return true, range
end
if err then
return nil, err
end
end
elseif ip:sub(1,3) == '10.' then
return true, '10/8'
elseif ip:sub(1,4) == '127.' then
return true, '127/8'
elseif ip:sub(1,8) == '169.254.' then
return true, '169.254/16'
elseif ip:sub(1,4) == '172.' then
local p, e = ip_in_range(ip, '172.16/12')
if p == true then
return true, '172.16/12'
else
return p, e
end
elseif ip:sub(1,4) == '192.' then
if ip:sub(5,8) == '168.' then
return true, '192.168/16'
elseif ip:match('^192%.[0][0]?[0]?%.[0][0]?[0]?%.') then
return true, '192.0.0/24'
elseif ip:match('^192%.[0][0]?[0]?%.[0]?[0]?2') then
return true, '192.0.2/24'
end
elseif ip:sub(1,4) == '198.' then
if ip:match('^198%.[0]?18%.') or ip:match('^198%.[0]?19%.') then
return true, '198.18/15'
elseif ip:match('^198%.[0]?51%.100%.') then
return true, '198.51.100/24'
end
elseif ip:match('^203%.[0][0]?[0]?%.113%.') then
return true, '203.0.113/24'
elseif ip:match('^224%.[0][0]?[0]?%.[0][0]?[0]?%.') then
return true, '224.0.0/24'
elseif ip:match('^24[0-9]%.') or ip:match('^25[0-5]%.') then
return true, '240.0.0/4'
end
return false, nil
end
---
-- Converts the supplied IPv4 address into a DWORD value.
--
-- For example, the address a.b.c.d becomes (((a*256+b)*256+c)*256+d).
--
-- Note: IPv6 addresses are not supported. Currently, numbers in NSE are
-- limited to 10^14, and consequently not all IPv6 addresses can be
-- represented.
-- @param ip String representing an IPv4 address. Shortened notation is
-- permitted.
-- @usage
-- local dword = ipOps.todword( "73.150.2.210" )
-- @return Number corresponding to the supplied IP address (or <code>nil</code>
-- in case of an error).
-- @return String error message in case of an error.
todword = function( ip )
if type( ip ) ~= "string" or ip:match( ":" ) then
return nil, "Error in ipOps.todword: Expected IPv4 address."
end
local n, ret, err = {}
n, err = get_parts_as_number( ip )
if err then return nil, err end
ret = (((n[1]*256+n[2]))*256+n[3])*256+n[4]
return ret
end
---
-- Converts the supplied IPv4 address from a DWORD value into a dotted string.
--
-- For example, the address (((a*256+b)*256+c)*256+d) becomes a.b.c.d.
--
--@param ip DWORD representing an IPv4 address.
--@return The string representing the address.
fromdword = function( ip )
if type( ip ) ~= "number" then
stdnse.print_debug(1, "Error in ipOps.todword: Expected IPv4 address.")
return nil
end
local n1 = bit.band(bit.rshift(ip, 0), 0x000000FF)
local n2 = bit.band(bit.rshift(ip, 8), 0x000000FF)
local n3 = bit.band(bit.rshift(ip, 16), 0x000000FF)
local n4 = bit.band(bit.rshift(ip, 24), 0x000000FF)
return string.format("%d.%d.%d.%d", n1, n2, n3, n4)
end
---
-- Separates the supplied IP address into its constituent parts and
-- returns them as a table of numbers.
--
-- For example, the address 139.104.32.123 becomes { 139, 104, 32, 123 }.
-- @usage
-- local a, b, c, d;
-- local t, err = ipOps.get_parts_as_number( "139.104.32.123" )
-- if t then a, b, c, d = unpack( t ) end
-- @param ip String representing an IPv4 or IPv6 address. Shortened notation
-- is permitted.
-- @return Array of numbers for each part of the supplied IP address (or
-- <code>nil</code> in case of an error).
-- @return String error message in case of an error.
get_parts_as_number = function( ip )
local err
ip, err = expand_ip( ip )
if err then return nil, err end
local pattern, base
if ip:match( ":" ) then
pattern = "%x+"
base = 16
else
pattern = "%d+"
base = 10
end
local t = {}
for part in string.gmatch(ip, pattern) do
t[#t+1] = tonumber( part, base )
end
return t
end
---
-- Compares two IP addresses (from the same address family).
-- @param left String representing an IPv4 or IPv6 address. Shortened
-- notation is permitted.
-- @param op A comparison operator which may be one of the following
-- strings: <code>"eq"</code>, <code>"ge"</code>, <code>"le"</code>,
-- <code>"gt"</code> or <code>"lt"</code> (respectively ==, >=, <=, >, <).
-- @param right String representing an IPv4 or IPv6 address. Shortened
-- notation is permitted.
-- @usage
-- if ipOps.compare_ip( "2001::DEAD:0:0:0", "eq", "2001:0:0:0:DEAD::" ) then
-- ...
-- end
-- @return True or false (or <code>nil</code> in case of an error).
-- @return String error message in case of an error.
compare_ip = function( left, op, right )
if type( left ) ~= "string" or type( right ) ~= "string" then
return nil, "Error in ipOps.compare_ip: Expected IP address as a string."
end
if ( left:match( ":" ) and not right:match( ":" ) ) or ( not left:match( ":" ) and right:match( ":" ) ) then
return nil, "Error in ipOps.compare_ip: IP addresses must be from the same address family."
end
if op == "lt" or op == "le" then
left, right = right, left
elseif op ~= "eq" and op ~= "ge" and op ~= "gt" then
return nil, "Error in ipOps.compare_ip: Invalid Operator."
end
local err ={}
left, err[#err+1] = ip_to_bin( left )
right, err[#err+1] = ip_to_bin( right )
if #err > 0 then
return nil, table.concat( err, " " )
end
if string.len( left ) ~= string.len( right ) then
-- shouldn't happen...
return nil, "Error in ipOps.compare_ip: Binary IP addresses were of different lengths."
end
-- equal?
if ( op == "eq" or op == "le" or op == "ge" ) and left == right then
return true
elseif op == "eq" then
return false
end
-- starting from the leftmost bit, subtract the bit in right from the bit in left
local compare
for i = 1, string.len( left ), 1 do
compare = tonumber( string.sub( left, i, i ) ) - tonumber( string.sub( right, i, i ) )
if compare == 1 then
return true
elseif compare == -1 then
return false
end
end
return false
end
---
-- Checks whether the supplied IP address is within the supplied range of IP
-- addresses.
--
-- The address and the range must both belong to the same address family.
-- @param ip String representing an IPv4 or IPv6 address. Shortened
-- notation is permitted.
-- @param range String representing a range of IPv4 or IPv6 addresses in
-- first-last or CIDR notation (e.g.
-- <code>"192.168.1.1 - 192.168.255.255"</code> or
-- <code>"2001:0A00::/23"</code>).
-- @usage
-- if ipOps.ip_in_range( "192.168.1.1", "192/8" ) then ... end
-- @return True or false (or <code>nil</code> in case of an error).
-- @return String error message in case of an error.
ip_in_range = function( ip, range )
local first, last, err = get_ips_from_range( range )
if err then return nil, err end
ip, err = expand_ip( ip )
if err then return nil, err end
if ( ip:match( ":" ) and not first:match( ":" ) ) or ( not ip:match( ":" ) and first:match( ":" ) ) then
return nil, "Error in ipOps.ip_in_range: IP address is of a different address family to Range."
end
err = {}
local ip_ge_first, ip_le_last
ip_ge_first, err[#err+1] = compare_ip( ip, "ge", first )
ip_le_last, err[#err+1] = compare_ip( ip, "le", last )
if #err > 0 then
return nil, table.concat( err, " " )
end
if ip_ge_first and ip_le_last then
return true
else
return false
end
end
---
-- Expands an IP address supplied in shortened notation.
-- Serves also to check the well-formedness of an IP address.
--
-- Note: IPv4in6 notated addresses will be returned in pure IPv6 notation unless
-- the IPv4 portion is shortened and does not contain a dot, in which case the
-- address will be treated as IPv6.
-- @param ip String representing an IPv4 or IPv6 address in shortened or full notation.
-- @usage
-- local ip = ipOps.expand_ip( "2001::" )
-- @return String representing a fully expanded IPv4 or IPv6 address (or
-- <code>nil</code> in case of an error).
-- @return String error message in case of an error.
expand_ip = function( ip )
local err
if type( ip ) ~= "string" or ip == "" then
return nil, "Error in ipOps.expand_ip: Expected IP address as a string."
end
local err4 = "Error in ipOps.expand_ip: An address assumed to be IPv4 was malformed."
if not ip:match( ":" ) then
-- ipv4: missing octets should be "0" appended
if ip:match( "[^\.0-9]" ) then
return nil, err4
end
local octets = {}
for octet in string.gmatch( ip, "%d+" ) do
if tonumber( octet, 10 ) > 255 then return nil, err4 end
octets[#octets+1] = octet
end
if #octets > 4 then return nil, err4 end
while #octets < 4 do
octets[#octets+1] = "0"
end
return ( table.concat( octets, "." ) )
end
if ip:match( "[^\.:%x]" ) then
return nil, ( err4:gsub( "IPv4", "IPv6" ) )
end
-- preserve ::
ip = string.gsub(ip, "::", ":z:")
-- get a table of each hexadectet
local hexadectets = {}
for hdt in string.gmatch( ip, "[\.z%x]+" ) do
hexadectets[#hexadectets+1] = hdt
end
-- deal with IPv4in6 (last hexadectet only)
local t = {}
if hexadectets[#hexadectets]:match( "[\.]+" ) then
hexadectets[#hexadectets], err = expand_ip( hexadectets[#hexadectets] )
if err then return nil, ( err:gsub( "IPv4", "IPv4in6" ) ) end
t = stdnse.strsplit( "[\.]+", hexadectets[#hexadectets] )
for i, v in ipairs( t ) do
t[i] = tonumber( v, 10 )
end
hexadectets[#hexadectets] = stdnse.tohex( 256*t[1]+t[2] )
hexadectets[#hexadectets+1] = stdnse.tohex( 256*t[3]+t[4] )
end
-- deal with :: and check for invalid address
local z_done = false
for index, value in ipairs( hexadectets ) do
if value:match( "[\.]+" ) then
-- shouldn't have dots at this point
return nil, ( err4:gsub( "IPv4", "IPv6" ) )
elseif value == "z" and z_done then
-- can't have more than one ::
return nil, ( err4:gsub( "IPv4", "IPv6" ) )
elseif value == "z" and not z_done then
z_done = true
hexadectets[index] = "0"
local bound = 8 - #hexadectets
for i = 1, bound, 1 do
table.insert( hexadectets, index+i, "0" )
end
elseif tonumber( value, 16 ) > 65535 then
-- more than FFFF!
return nil, ( err4:gsub( "IPv4", "IPv6" ) )
end
end
-- make sure we have exactly 8 hexadectets
if #hexadectets > 8 then return nil, ( err4:gsub( "IPv4", "IPv6" ) ) end
while #hexadectets < 8 do
hexadectets[#hexadectets+1] = "0"
end
return ( table.concat( hexadectets, ":" ) )
end
---
-- Returns the first and last IP addresses in the supplied range of addresses.
-- @param range String representing a range of IPv4 or IPv6 addresses in either
-- CIDR or first-last notation.
-- @usage
-- first, last = ipOps.get_ips_from_range( "192.168.0.0/16" )
-- @return String representing the first address in the supplied range (or
-- <code>nil</code> in case of an error).
-- @return String representing the last address in the supplied range (or
-- <code>nil</code> in case of an error).
-- @return String error message in case of an error.
get_ips_from_range = function( range )
if type( range ) ~= "string" then
return nil, nil, "Error in ipOps.get_ips_from_range: Expected a range as a string."
end
local first, last, prefix
if range:match( "/" ) then
first, prefix = range:match( "([%x%d:\.]+)/(%d+)" )
elseif range:match( "-" ) then
first, last = range:match( "([%x%d:\.]+)%s*\-%s*([%x%d:\.]+)" )
end
local err = {}
if first and ( last or prefix ) then
first, err[#err+1] = expand_ip( first )
else
return nil, nil, "Error in ipOps.get_ips_from_range: The range supplied could not be interpreted."
end
if last then
last, err[#err+1] = expand_ip( last )
elseif first and prefix then
last, err[#err+1] = get_last_ip( first, prefix )
end
if first and last then
if ( first:match( ":" ) and not last:match( ":" ) ) or ( not first:match( ":" ) and last:match( ":" ) ) then
return nil, nil, "Error in ipOps.get_ips_from_range: First IP address is of a different address family to last IP address."
end
return first, last
else
return nil, nil, table.concat( err, " " )
end
end
---
-- Calculates the last IP address of a range of addresses given an IP address in
-- the range and prefix length for that range.
-- @param ip String representing an IPv4 or IPv6 address. Shortened
-- notation is permitted.
-- @param prefix Number or a string representing a decimal number corresponding
-- to a prefix length.
-- @usage
-- last = ipOps.get_last_ip( "192.0.0.0", 26 )
-- @return String representing the last IP address of the range denoted
-- by the supplied parameters (or <code>nil</code> in case of an error).
-- @return String error message in case of an error.
get_last_ip = function( ip, prefix )
local first, err = ip_to_bin( ip )
if err then return nil, err end
prefix = tonumber( prefix )
if not prefix or ( prefix < 0 ) or ( prefix > string.len( first ) ) then
return nil, "Error in ipOps.get_last_ip: Invalid prefix length."
end
local hostbits = string.sub( first, prefix + 1 )
hostbits = string.gsub( hostbits, "0", "1" )
local last = string.sub( first, 1, prefix ) .. hostbits
last, err = bin_to_ip( last )
if err then return nil, err end
return last
end
---
-- Converts an IP address into a string representing the address as binary
-- digits.
-- @param ip String representing an IPv4 or IPv6 address. Shortened notation
-- is permitted.
-- @usage
-- bit_string = ipOps.ip_to_bin( "2001::" )
-- @return String representing the supplied IP address as 32 or 128 binary
-- digits (or <code>nil</code> in case of an error).
-- @return String error message in case of an error.
ip_to_bin = function( ip )
local err
ip, err = expand_ip( ip )
if err then return nil, err end
local t, mask = {}
if not ip:match( ":" ) then
-- ipv4 string
for octet in string.gmatch( ip, "%d+" ) do
t[#t+1] = stdnse.tohex( tonumber(octet) )
end
mask = "00"
else
-- ipv6 string
for hdt in string.gmatch( ip, "%x+" ) do
t[#t+1] = hdt
end
mask = "0000"
end
-- padding
for i, v in ipairs( t ) do
t[i] = mask:sub( 1, string.len( mask ) - string.len( v ) ) .. v
end
return hex_to_bin( table.concat( t ) )
end
---
-- Converts a string of binary digits into an IP address.
-- @param binstring String representing an IP address as 32 or 128 binary
-- digits.
-- @usage
-- ip = ipOps.bin_to_ip( "01111111000000000000000000000001" )
-- @return String representing an IP address (or <code>nil</code> in
-- case of an error).
-- @return String error message in case of an error.
bin_to_ip = function( binstring )
if type( binstring ) ~= "string" or binstring:match( "[^01]+" ) then
return nil, "Error in ipOps.bin_to_ip: Expected string of binary digits."
end
local af
if string.len( binstring ) == 32 then
af = 4
elseif string.len( binstring ) == 128 then
af = 6
else
return nil, "Error in ipOps.bin_to_ip: Expected exactly 32 or 128 binary digits."
end
local t = {}
if af == 6 then
local pattern = string.rep( "[01]", 16 )
for chunk in string.gmatch( binstring, pattern ) do
t[#t+1] = stdnse.tohex( tonumber( chunk, 2 ) )
end
return table.concat( t, ":" )
end
if af == 4 then
local pattern = string.rep( "[01]", 8 )
for chunk in string.gmatch( binstring, pattern ) do
t[#t+1] = tonumber( chunk, 2 ) .. ""
end
return table.concat( t, "." )
end
end
---
-- Converts a string of hexadecimal digits into the corresponding string of
-- binary digits.
--
-- Each hex digit results in four bits. This function is really just a wrapper
-- around <code>stdnse.tobinary</code>.
-- @param hex String representing a hexadecimal number.
-- @usage
-- bin_string = ipOps.hex_to_bin( "F00D" )
-- @return String representing the supplied number in binary digits (or
-- <code>nil</code> in case of an error).
-- @return String error message in case of an error.
hex_to_bin = function( hex )
if type( hex ) ~= "string" or hex == "" or hex:match( "[^%x]+" ) then
return nil, "Error in ipOps.hex_to_bin: Expected string representing a hexadecimal number."
end
local t, mask, binchar = {}, "0000"
for hexchar in string.gmatch( hex, "%x" ) do
binchar = stdnse.tobinary( tonumber( hexchar, 16 ) )
t[#t+1] = mask:sub( 1, string.len( mask ) - string.len( binchar ) ) .. binchar
end
return table.concat( t )
end
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