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#!/bin/zsh -i
#
# Zsh calculator. Understands most ordinary arithmetic expressions.
# Line editing and history are available. A blank line or `q' quits.
#
# Runs as a script or a function. If used as a function, the history
# is remembered for reuse in a later call (and also currently in the
# shell's own history). There are various problems using this as a
# script, so a function is recommended.
#
# The prompt shows a number for the current line. The corresponding
# result can be referred to with $<line-no>, e.g.
# 1> 32 + 10
# 42
# 2> $1 ** 2
# 1764
# The set of remembered numbers is primed with anything given on the
# command line. For example,
# zcalc '2 * 16'
# 1> 32 # printed by function
# 2> $1 + 2 # typed by user
# 34
# 3>
# Here, 32 is stored as $1. This works in the obvious way for any
# number of arguments.
#
# If the mathfunc library is available, probably understands most system
# mathematical functions. The left parenthesis must be adjacent to the
# end of the function name, to distinguish from shell parameters
# (translation: to prevent the maintainers from having to write proper
# lookahead parsing). For example,
# 1> sqrt(2)
# 1.4142135623730951
# is right, but `sqrt (2)' will give you an error.
#
# You can do things with parameters like
# 1> pi = 4.0 * atan(1)
# too. These go into global parameters, so be careful. You can declare
# local variables, however:
# 1> local pi
# but note this can't appear on the same line as a calculation. Don't
# use the variables listed in the `local' and `integer' lines below
# (translation: I can't be bothered to provide a sandbox).
#
# You can declare or delete math functions (implemented via zmathfuncdef):
# 1> function cube $1 * $1 * $1
# This has a single compulsory argument. Note the function takes care of
# the punctuation. To delete the function, put nothing (at all) after
# the function name:
# 1> function cube
#
# Some constants are already available: (case sensitive as always):
# PI pi, i.e. 3.1415926545897931
# E e, i.e. 2.7182818284590455
#
# You can also change the output base.
# 1> [#16]
# 1>
# Changes the default output to hexadecimal with numbers preceded by `16#'.
# Note the line isn't remembered.
# 2> [##16]
# 2>
# Change the default output base to hexadecimal with no prefix.
# 3> [#]
# Reset the default output base.
#
# This is based on the builtin feature that you can change the output base
# of a given expression. For example,
# 1> [##16] 32 + 20 / 2
# 2A
# 2>
# prints the result of the calculation in hexadecimal.
#
# You can't change the default input base, but the shell allows any small
# integer as a base:
# 1> 2#1111
# 15
# 2> [##13] 13#6 * 13#9
# 42
# and the standard C-like notation with a leading 0x for hexadecimal is
# also understood. However, leading 0 for octal is not understood --- it's
# too confusing in a calculator. Use 8#777 etc.
#
# Options: -#<base> is the same as a line containing just `[#<base>],
# similarly -##<base>; they set the default output base, with and without
# a base discriminator in front, respectively.
#
#
# To do:
# - separate zcalc history from shell history using arrays --- or allow
# zsh to switch internally to and from array-based history.
emulate -L zsh
setopt extendedglob
# TODO: make local variables that shouldn't be visible in expressions
# begin with _.
local line ans base defbase forms match mbegin mend psvar optlist opt arg
local compcontext="-zcalc-line-"
integer num outdigits outform=1
# We use our own history file with an automatic pop on exit.
history -ap "${ZDOTDIR:-$HOME}/.zcalc_history"
forms=( '%2$g' '%.*g' '%.*f' '%.*E' '')
zmodload -i zsh/mathfunc 2>/dev/null
autoload -Uz zmathfuncdef
: ${ZCALCPROMPT="%1v> "}
# Supply some constants.
float PI E
(( PI = 4 * atan(1), E = exp(1) ))
# Process command line
while [[ -n $1 && $1 = -(|[#-]*) ]]; do
optlist=${1[2,-1]}
shift
[[ $optlist = (|-) ]] && break
while [[ -n $optlist ]]; do
opt=${optlist[1]}
optlist=${optlist[2,-1]}
case $opt in
('#') # Default base
if [[ -n $optlist ]]; then
arg=$optlist
optlist=
elif [[ -n $1 ]]; then
arg=$1
shift
else
print "-# requires an argument" >&2
return 1
fi
if [[ $arg != (|\#)[[:digit:]]## ]]; then
print - "-# requires a decimal number as an argument" >&2
return 1
fi
defbase="[#${arg}]"
;;
esac
done
done
for (( num = 1; num <= $#; num++ )); do
# Make sure all arguments have been evaluated.
# The `$' before the second argv forces string rather than numeric
# substitution.
(( argv[$num] = $argv[$num] ))
print "$num> $argv[$num]"
done
psvar[1]=$num
while vared -cehp "${ZCALCPROMPT}" line; do
[[ -z $line ]] && break
# special cases
# Set default base if `[#16]' or `[##16]' etc. on its own.
# Unset it if `[#]' or `[##]'.
if [[ $line = (#b)[[:blank:]]#('[#'(\#|)(<->|)']')[[:blank:]]#(*) ]]; then
if [[ -z $match[4] ]]; then
if [[ -z $match[3] ]]; then
defbase=
else
defbase=$match[1]
fi
print -s -- $line
line=
continue
else
base=$match[1]
fi
else
base=$defbase
fi
print -s -- $line
line="${${line##[[:blank:]]#}%%[[:blank:]]#}"
case "$line" in
# Escapes begin with a colon
(:(\\|)\!*)
# shell escape: handle completion's habit of quoting the !
eval ${line##:(\\|)\![[:blank:]]#}
line=
continue
;;
((:|)q)
# Exit
return 0
;;
((:|)norm) # restore output format to default
outform=1
;;
((:|)sci[[:blank:]]#(#b)(<->)(#B))
outdigits=$match[1]
outform=2
;;
((:|)fix[[:blank:]]#(#b)(<->)(#B))
outdigits=$match[1]
outform=3
;;
((:|)eng[[:blank:]]#(#b)(<->)(#B))
outdigits=$match[1]
outform=4
;;
(:raw)
outform=5
;;
((:|)local([[:blank:]]##*|))
eval $line
line=
continue
;;
((:|)function[[:blank:]]##(#b)([^[:blank:]]##)(|[[:blank:]]##([^[:blank:]]*)))
zmathfuncdef $match[1] $match[3]
line=
continue
;;
(:*)
print "Unrecognised escape"
line=
continue
;;
(*)
# Latest value is stored as a string, because it might be floating
# point or integer --- we don't know till after the evaluation, and
# arrays always store scalars anyway.
#
# Since it's a string, we'd better make sure we know which
# base it's in, so don't change that until we actually print it.
eval "ans=\$(( $line ))"
# on error $ans is not set; let user re-edit line
[[ -n $ans ]] || continue
argv[num++]=$ans
psvar[1]=$num
;;
esac
if [[ -n $base ]]; then
print -- $(( $base $ans ))
elif [[ $ans = *.* ]] || (( outdigits )); then
if [[ -z $forms[outform] ]]; then
print -- $(( $ans ))
else
printf "$forms[outform]\n" $outdigits $ans
fi
else
printf "%d\n" $ans
fi
line=
done
return 0
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